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Patented Feb. 4, 1930 f UNITED- STATES",

PATIENT, oFFIcs CABIJ'F. BRENNE, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, ASSIGNOR TO PHON-BOOK-INDEX CO., INC., OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, A CORPORATION OF WASHINGTON 1T0 Drawing.

,My invention relates to the process of providing celluloid with an adhesive. More articularly, my invention relates to provi ing a sheet of celluloid with an adhesive,which 5 may then be stocked and used when required, and then be readily caused to adhere to the desired object b merely moistenmg after the,

- manner of attac ing gummed sheets enerally such as postage stamps, envelope aps, etc.,

2,0 said-adhesive not interfering with the transparency of the celluloid. Y

For purposes of illustration and definiteness,' I will set tion as applied to the providing of atelephone directory index having tabs with transparent celluloid attachby g uing to the sheets of the telephone directory and leave the numbers or printed matter immediately under the attaching portion visible,-it being understood that the margins of a'telephone directory are frequently too narrow for index tabs havin non-transparent attaching portions. erever the term celluloid is used herein, it is intended to cover related substances, such as fiberloid and pyralin or'other transparent nitro-cel-- One of the conditions to be arent substance for I lulose, materials. met in providing a trans tab purposes-is that suc strong and tough, that is, must not be brittle. However, while I thus describe my invention as appliedto a directory tab, nevertheless it is notto be presumed that it is to be thus lim- .ited to any such specific application, but is applicable to allfields'of' use where like conditions obtain, in part'or in toto.

It is already known that celluloid may be cemented to wood, leather, etc., by means of a solution of shellac and camphor in alcohol. Also, celluloid may-be caused to adhere by heating the celluloid sheet and pressing the said sheet and'other object together firmly. But,manifestly, such methods or processes are not adaptable to use by those who may have occasion to causecelluloid to adhere, who have not such special equipment and such special provisions made for attaching the celluloid.

Also, cements involvingl'celluloidor pyroxylinin solution are known, but such cements forth and describe my inven-- of celluloid, i. e., an index ort ions,'which portions may be attached substance must be as gummed paper 'is caused to adhere,

Application flledlanuary 28, 1925. Serial No. 5,250.

are expensive,

and do not accomplish the purpioses of this invention. For the practical mar eting of a telephone directory index of celluloid, it is practically necessary that such celluloid index, be capable of being attached, by those without special equipment, to the sheets much in the same manner as one se-' cures' a stamp to a letter. That is, a means .suchas water soluble glue is preferable as the means for securing such index tabs to the directory sheets. However, the structure of celluloid is such that ordinary, glue will not serve the purpose indicated. To provide such an index tab of celluloid havin a coating of adhesive on the attaching portion is a primary purpose of my invention.

Moreover,

causing the celluloid sheet to curl and warp; Ordinarily, when applied to the page or sheet,

that portion of the page or sheet immediately surrounding theotab will be caused to wrinkle and will not lie flat. A primary object of my invention is to provide a tab havin a celluloid attaching portion, which may of the surrounding-portions of the sheet to which itis attache Further, a primar object of my invention 7 there are celluloid tabs on the market for attaching by the ultimate user,

. e caused to adhere without such curling or wrinkling is to provide a cellu oid sheet with a glueretaining coating. "Also,- a primary object of my invention is toprovide a celluloid sheet with a glue retaining coating and a glue coat-' ing disposed on said glue retaining coating, so that said celluloid mayjbe readily caused to adheretofpaper'after" the same manner such as stamps, enve ope flaps, etc., that is, where the adhesive is applied at one time to the article and said article is caused to adhere to another article at'a time remote from the time of it's'preparation or manufacture.

In carryin out my said invention where the celluloidv 1s to be attached to paper, two

flat or book paper, then the celluloid sheet may be treated with a coating of spirit varnish, amyl acetate, and flexible glue diluted 'w1th vinegar to the proper consistency. The

- proportions for these ingredients which have 111cc? found to work satisfactorily are: oneadded to ten parts flexible glue diluted with vinegar to the proper consistency.

If the celluloid sheet is to be prepared to be attached generally, i. e., either to said fiat or book paper or to said bond orledger paper, then I have found that by supplying a first coating, herein termed a glue'retaining coating, composed of a varnish and a softening agentfor celluloid, and then applying a glue to said firstcoating, I

can cause said celluloid to adhere firmly to paper, be transparent, not curl, and not cause a wrinkling of that portion of the paper to which it is attached. Such product of my process is characterized by the glue not be-. coming fiaky and brittle and breaking away. It will remain firm and secure even when fully dried and its adhering quality is not affected by a change of temperature such as is common in the range of climatic variations. In short, it-accomplishes the requirements herein set forth, and meets in every way the demands fora tab having a celluloid attaching portion for a directory index, to be marketed as herein set forth, i. e., where the tabis to. be attached by the user and this at a time subsequent to the timeof manufacture of the tab.

Preferably, the varnish portion of the first I.

coating consists of avarnish gum dissolved in sp1r1ts such as alcohol orether. The softening agent for the celluloid of thefirst coating maybe amyl acetate or acetone, neither of which, I have found, cause the celluloid to curl or warp. After such coating is dried,

the glue coating is applied. Among other ways, the drying may accomplished by simply setting aside the productfor a period of time. The second coating may be any flexible glue. Preferably, there is' added to such glue a varnish softening or corroding agent such as vinegar (or dilute acetic acid) or amyl acetate, i. e., an agent which will permit the glue to penetrate slightly the re taining coating.

A formula which I have found to work en? tirely satisfactorily is as follows: For the first coating, three to five parts of spirit varnish and one-half to two parts of amyl acetate; for the second coating, a flexible glue may be diluted with vinegar to the proper consistency so that it can be applied with a brush, and then a softening or corroding agent may be added, such as amyl acetate,

to the'extent of about one part spirit varnish, one-part amyl acetate part to twenty parts of the diluted glue. Too much amyl acetate involves the danger of dissolving the celluloid.

Manifestly, a glue soluble in water at the time of attachment is preferable for general purposes, but for certain uses there are other adhesives which are not soluble in water .and which involve having at hand a special preparation or agent for causing the sheet of celluloid supplied with said first coating to adhere. Suchspecial preparations or agents might be a varnish, amyl acetate or acetone.

These special agents would be applied by a brush at the time of attachment.

' In the above, I have stated that spirit varnish is the preferred type of varnish However, the oil varnishes might be used, but

objection to the same obtains in that they are slow to dry and upon becoming thoroughly dry they become brittle sothat the glue flakes oil. Flexible glue, according to my experience, gives the most satisfactory results, and is the preferred type of glue to be used in connection with my invention. Nevertheless, my invention is not to be limited to said flexible glue, as other glues may be used. I

The principle of the invention involving my process is thought to be as follows: The celluloid softening agent operates to roughen the upper portion of the sheet of celluloid, forming therein, as it were, pockets or teethlike connections, so that the'varnish is'im p'regnated into the celiluloid/ Enough amyl acetate is provided to accomplish this soften ing effect in the upper portion of the 'cel-.

luloid sheet. This is to be contrasted with any process which completely-dissolves the celluloid, so that the celluloid becomes a sort-of cement; Likewise, the Inc is prefgeneral application of my invention, while the varnish will so adhere. But when the varnish becomes hard,.it cannot be caused to'adhere'yby merely moisteningl, to the paper which is to be attached to the ce uloid. Horn ever, the glue may be impregnated in'the first coating, i. e., in the varnish, and this glue when moistened at the time of attachment forms an intermediate bond between the article such as-paper and the first coating, which in turn is bound to the celluloid sheet.

The term impregnate is used herein in the 7 sense of securing the varnish'to the upper portion of the sheet of celluloid (cross-sectionally considered) by merely softening said celluloid portion and not completel dissolv-. ing the same. In short, the softening agent operates as a roughener after the manner of sandpapering a varnished surface, in order to apply-another coat of varnish.

' M process effects a great economy in the hesive-retaining coating; drying said coatemp oyment of celluloid where it is necessary ing; and impregnating said coating with an to cause the same to adhere to another object. adhesive coating of glue having therein amyl Besides applying my invention to the makacetate as a softening agent for the varnish. a 5 ing of telephone directory index tabs, the -7. In a process of providing a celluloid 70 same may be applied to the manufacture of sheet with an adhesive by which the celluloid campaign buttons and medallions,to .inensheetcan' be subsequently attached,' the steps tion only a few ofthe many uses to which said of impregnating said celluloid with an adinvention may be applied. The cost of prohesive-retaining coating by treating the celo duction of all such articles will be greatly reluloid with varnish, and amyl acetate as a 75 1 while being operated upon;

duced, as at present manufactured it is necessoftening agent for the celluloid; drying sary toemploy heavy presses in a manner said coating; and-impregnating said retainpermitting of the heating,(this being the ing coating with an adhesive coating of glue so-called hot-die process), of the celluloid having therein amyl acetate as a varnish softening agent.

Obviously, changes may be made in the 8. In a process of providing a celluloid proportions and within the range of the sheet with an adhesive by which the celluloid, equivalents with the substances set forth and sheet can be subsequently attached, thesteps their functions indicated. The examples of impregnating saidcelluloid with anadgo given will serve as general guides for applyhesive-retaming coating of from three to five- 35 o of impregnating said celluloid with an ad- (5 3 sheet .with'an adhesive ing my invention. arts of varnish and one-half to two parts '0 I claim amyl acetate; drying said coating; and iml. Ina process 0 roviding a celluloid pregnating said retaining coating withanadsheet with an adhesive y which the celluloid 'hesive coating of glue diluted with vinegar of impregnating said celluloid-with an adas-a varnish softening or corroding agent, hesive-retaining coating by treating the celsaid amylacetate being present to the extent luloid with varnish and a celluloid softening of about one part. to twenty parts of the diagent. 4 luted glue.

as sheet can be subsequently attached, the ste to the proper consistenc and amyl acetate 6 so 2. In a process of providing a celluloid 9. In a process of providing a celluloid. c5"

sheet with an adhesive by-which the celluloid Sheet with n adh iv y which the celluloid sheet can besubsequently attached,the ste sheet can be subsequently attached, the steps of impregnating said celluloid with an ad-- f i p g g S 0611, bid Sheet w a hesive-retaini'ng coating by treating the 'cellu- Varnish co ing y a Celluloid s ftening ge 35 loid with varnish, and amyl acetate as a.sof,-, and imp g g Said first mg= w I'm teni ngagent. I v v adhesive by asoftener for said varnish-coats 3.- In a process of providing a celluloid ingj sheet with an adhesive by which the celluloid In witness whereof, I hereunto subs rib sheet can be subsequently attached, the steps my n m i 17 y Of J n ry, 9 -GA'BL F.BRENNE. 7. m hesive-retaining coating; drying said coat- I mg; and impregnating said coating with an adhesive coating. i 4; In a process of providing a celluloid sheet can be subsequently attached, the steps of mpregnating said celluloid with an adhesive-ret'aining coating; drying said coat- 11%; and impregnating said coating with an 7 a esiyecoatingof. glue having therein av v softemng agent for said first coating. i l

'5. In a process of roviding a celluloid sheet with an adhesive y which theeelluloid sheet can be subsequently attached, the steps 65 of impregnating said celluloid with an adv I hesiye-retaining coating by treating the cellulo1d with varnish, and amyl acetate ,as a softeningagent; drying said coating; and impregnating said retainin coating with an 60 adhesive coating of'gluehavin'g thereinavarv A 1 V nish softening agent. Y 6, In a process of providing .a celluloid v sheet with an adhesive by which the celluloid sheet can be subsequetly attached, the steps ywhich the celluloid a no 4 of impregnatingsaid-celluloid with an ad-1 1 I i i i 

